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Are Ants Good for the Garden? Benefits of These Tiny Helpers

ant hill with 4 ants on it, cartoon, ants in the garden
Written By: George and Becky Lohmiller
Almanac Guide to Herbs

Ants are among the most successful insects on Earth, and despite their reputation as pests, many species are actually beneficial to gardens. From aerating the soil to controlling harmful insects, ants play an important role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem.

Are ants good for the garden?

Most ants are beneficial insects. They help aerate the soil, recycle organic matter, prey on pests, disperse seeds, and contribute to a healthy garden ecosystem.

What Are Ant Colonies?

Ants live in colonies made up almost entirely of non-mating female workers whose job is to gather food, build the nest, and look after the egg-laying queen and her young. At certain times, winged males and females are produced by the queen for the purpose of mating with ants from other colonies. After mating, the male ants die, and the mated queens fly off, shed their wings, and start new colonies.

The total ant population is estimated at one quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000,000). Wow!  

Benefits of Ants in the Garden

Although some species, like the carpenter ant and the stinging fire ant, can be pests, ants are generally beneficial.

Ants Aerate the Soil

Most ants nest in the ground, digging a labyrinth of tunnels that aerate the soil and allow moisture to get to the roots of plants. They also till the soil by bringing pebbles and particles to the top.

Ants Improve Soil Fertility

The leaves and insects brought into the nest as ant food decay and fertilize the surrounding plants.

Ants Help Decompose Organic Matter

Ants act as decomposers, feeding on organic waste, insects, or other dead animals.

Even carpenter ants keep the environment clean. By making their nests in dead or diseased wood, they accelerate the decomposition process. After the ants leave, fungi and bacteria grow in the galleries and break down the lignin and cellulose on large surfaces.

Ants Control Harmful Insects

Many ants are predators and feed on insects that attack lawns and gardens, and in the process of gathering food, they often pollinate flowers and distribute seeds.

Ants Provide Food for Wildlife

Ants are also the source of food for many other insects, birds, and mammals that are so important to the ecosystem.

What Ants Indicate

A sudden convergence of ants in the garden, or a line of ants moving up and down a tree, usually indicates the presence of aphids, mealybugs, or other sap-sucking insects that attack plants. These insects produce a substance called honeydew:

  • The ants stroke the insects with their antennae, causing the insects to excrete the sweet liquid.
  • The ants swallow it and store it in a special holding stomach called the crop.
  • The honeydew is brought back to the nest and shared with the queen and other workers.
  • Some ants even keep aphids in their nest as a farmer would keep a cow, giving them food and shelter in exchange for honeydew.

So, if you have ants on your plants, be on the lookout for aphids or other sap-sucking pests!

Did you know?

In some cultures, ants are considered delicacies. The honeypot ants that live in our southwestern deserts gather large amounts of nectar and store it in the swollen bodies of specialized worker ants called repletes. Native Americans have snacked on these sweet ants for centuries, making them possibly the first ones ever brought to a picnic on purpose.

Do you have ants in your garden? Tell us all about your experience in the comments!

Pollinators and Beneficials
About The Author
George and Becky Lohmiller

George and Becky Lohmiller

George and Becky Lohmiller shared their gardening knowledge and enthusiasm with Almanac readers for more than 15 years, writing Farmer’s Calendar essays and gardening articles in previous editions of ...
Read More from George and Becky Lohmiller

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Comments

<span>Ed</span> Mon, 07/13/2026 - 12:27
I raise a small garden for my wife and I to have fresh vegetables. Every year I have small black ants that are attracted to my okra plants. The ants seem to be drawn to the flowers so I assumed they were after the nectar. They do not bite but are bothersome when they crawl all over your hands while harvesting pods. I also had a problem with "crazy ants" on our 7 acres. They get into the control box on our electric gate and ruin the circuit board. However, I do have an exterminator that has controlled that problem with spraying every 3 months.
<span>Cathy</span> Mon, 07/13/2026 - 06:58
This year, for the first time, I have lots of ant hills in my large, spread out lawn, not in my perennial or veggie garden. The ants are very small. There will be 2 to 4 hills in one spot, and then more in multiple other places. Wonder what has caused this and will they head to my house and veggie garden??
<span>Don Stewart</span> Fri, 05/23/2025 - 09:40
Twenty or so years ago, I found a colony of fire ants in my tomato patch (actually, they found me). They had set up shop in the roots of a particular plant, so I chose not to try to dig them out or poison them. Two days later, I noticed the 'infested' plant was twice as big as the others, darker green, and flowering. I guessed that the ants were aerating and fertilizing my tomato, and decided to leave them alone. After a couple of weeks, they moved on to a new location. Now I welcome ants of any kind into my garden. Their presence indicates a healthier system, happier plants, and less work for me.
<span>Rachel</span> Wed, 05/21/2025 - 09:13
What about Fire ants? What do they help? They get in my flower pots etc? Thank you
<span>Don Stewart</span> Fri, 05/23/2025 - 09:44
I have shared my garden with fire ants for years. We peacefully coexist, with me getting the benefit of aerated soil, fewer pest insects, and free fertilizer. I've even used them to help excavate an old oak stump, scooping the colonies up from other parts of the yard and depositing them in areas of the stump that were already decomposing. As long as I respect their space, they respect me. After a few weeks, they move on to other locations.
<span>Kitty</span> Wed, 05/21/2025 - 10:46
I have been scattering used coffee grounds over my entire yard and shrub and flower beds for years. I have eliminated red ants from my lawn entirely. It does keep the squirrels away somewhat. It also repels most other ants. I dry them out in the filter on an aluminum pie plate, then when dry put them in a bucket. When I have a good amount I scatter them around my yard.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Wed, 05/21/2025 - 10:01

Check out our tips on getting rid of fire ants.

 <span>Kate</span> Wed, 05/21/2025 - 08:12
Yes, I have fire ants in my garden! No, I do not see them as a benefit! I. Do not use pesticides in my garden but have found club soda causes the colony to die or move away.
<span>Tully Crabtree</span> Mon, 07/13/2026 - 07:49
They are nasty little SOBS!
<span>Sandra</span> Wed, 05/21/2025 - 06:45
I live on a 1/2 acre in rural Ontario, Canada. I have zillions or tiny red fire ants. Doesn't matter where you look or turn a shovel in my 1/2 acre , there are ants. They bite me and the fire in a bite is extreme. Only an ice pack will ease the pain til it subsides. They don't bite my husband !!!! I can no longer kneel down and work in my flower beds. Even walking across my yard, I find them on my shoes and clothing and end up getting bitten if I don't get them brushed off fast!!!!! I have tried so many things but nothing seems to deter them. I am hoping someone here has a solution. I would so love to be rid of them!!!!!