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What are Ember Days? When are Ember Days?

the four seasons, depicted by Pieter Bruegel and Abel Grimmer
Photo Credit
Pieter Bruegel the Elder and Abel Grimmer

The Meaning and History Behind Ember Days

Tim Goodwin
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Four times a year, you may hear the term “Ember Days.” But what are Ember Days? When do they occur? And how are Ember Days observed? Learn more about the history, meaning, and folklore surrounding Ember Days and how they are observed in the Christian faith.

What is an Ember Day?

Ember Days occur four times a year. They coincide with the four seasons and present an opportunity to embrace the practices of prayer, fasting, and abstinence and for the ordination of clergy to occur. Each set of Ember Days is a way to give thanks for specific natural gifts, such as the increase in daylight and the harvest times of wheat, grapes, and olives.

The word “ember” is thought to be a corruption of the Latin quatuor tempora, meaning “four times.”

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When are Ember Days?

There are a total of 12 Ember Days each year. They are observed on the Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays following the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsunday-Pentecost, the Feast of the Holy Cross, and the Feast of St. Lucia. While the first Sunday in Lent and Whitsunday-Pentecost change each year based on Easter, the Feast of the Holy Cross and the Feast of St. Lucia are fixed dates, on September 14 and December 13, respectively.

In 2024, Ember Days are observed on February 21, 23, and 24; May 22, 24, and 25; September 18, 20, and 21; and December 18, 20, and 21.

In 2025, Ember Days are observed on March 12, 14, and 15; June 11, 13, and 14; September 17, 19, and 20; and December 17, 19, and 20.

History of Ember Days

It is believed that Ember Days observances date back to the time of Pope Leo I in the 5th century, when observers would thank God for the gifts of nature, embrace those gifts in moderation, and assist the needy. 

Ember Days began in Rome with fasts in June, September, and December, but the days were not fixed. The fourth set of days were added near the end of the 5th century. At that time, the conferring of ordinations was permitted on ember Saturdays, while previously, the practice was only held at Easter. Pope Gregory VII expanded the observance of Ember Days, making it a large part of the Catholic faith. 

It is said that Ember Days may have been created in response to the excessive celebrations that surrounded the pagan festivals in Rome.

How Are Ember Days Celebrated?

Ember Days can be thought of as a mini-Lent, with some fasting and abstinence to refocus spiritual beliefs.

On Ember Days, observers traditionally fast as they would on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, except that they are allowed to eat meat as part of their main meal on Wednesdays and Saturdays.

Ember Days Folklore

Folklore says that the weather on each Ember Day foretells the weather for the next 3 months. For instance, in September, the Wednesday forecasts the weather for October; Friday predicts November; and Saturday foretells December.

Pennsylvania Dutch proverbs and sayings have a deep connection to Ember Days. The following were included in Edwin Fogel’s Beliefs and Superstitions of the Pennsylvania Germans: 

  • Persons born on Ember Days can see ghosts 
  • Grain will be high in price if the Ember Days come late in the month 
  • Rain on an Ember Day is followed by 3 weeks of rain
  • Washing on an Ember Day is unlucky

An old English rhyme allowed people to remember the occurrence of Ember Days throughout the year:

Fasting days and Emberings be
Lent, Whitsun, Holyrood, and Lucie.

Do you celebrate Ember Days? Have you ever heard of them? Tell us what you think of this celebration.

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About The Author

Tim Goodwin

Tim Goodwin, the associate editor for The Old Farmer's Almanac, has been reading North America's oldest continuously published periodical since he was a young child, growing up just a short drive from the OFA office. Read More from Tim Goodwin
 

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Comments

Lorie Frias (not verified)

3 days 17 hours ago

This must be a Western Church practice. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, all 40 days of Lent and Advent are a time of strict fasting. There are also other fasts such as the Apostles’ Fast in summer and the Dormition of Mary Fast.

Jt Michaels (not verified)

3 months ago

Although I've read the term and some associations of Ember Days in historic and/or fantasy novels but had never run across anything concrete to explain them. Thank you! (I do love the Farmer's Almanac!)

How wonderful that several times a year days would be set apart to honor nature's gifts and help those in need.

Nancy S. (not verified)

10 months ago

Never heard of them. I don't think most Christians have ever heard of them.

Sheila (not verified)

10 months ago

I’m 74, grew up on the farm in the 50’s and I remember Grandpa and Dad regularly speaking of Ember Days as predicting weather. They both passed when I was in my 20’s and I haven’t heard that term since.

Joe Roberts (not verified)

1 year 3 months ago

Ember days were more meaningful in the days when people lived more of an agrarian lifestyle. Nowadays, the Church has done away with set days and recommends that bishops establish particular "days of prayer" for current needs like for the fruits of the earth, prayer for human rights and equality, prayer for world justice and peace, and penitential observances outside Lent.

Been around for a long time and I never, ever heard of "Ember Days" !!! I am quite sure that more than the majority of people have never heard of it.

Thanks for the article on “Ember Days.”

I have tried to learn about Ember Days for several years. Your article provides much.

Thanks

Fasting on Ember Days is a good way to prepare for the Lenten fast. We’re not required inder pain of sin to observe them but it does help us to grow in virtue and defeat the enemy’s malice against us.
The Sensus Fidelium utube channel has a few sermons and talks that explain in more detail the benefits.

Thanks for the utube channel reference. Ember Days, Rogation Days, and other pious reminders like the Angelus have fallen into disuse...and you see where that is letting society "off the hook."