Planting, Growing, and Pruning Wisteria
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Wisteria blooms vigorously in spring, producing clusters of lilac-hued flowers on new growth. In late July, or after flowers have faded, it’s time to prune. Learn more about growing and caring for wisteria vines.
About Wisteria
Wisteria is a high-climbing, long-lived vining plant with cascades of blue to purple flowers that look spectacular hanging from a pergola or archway in spring and early summer. However, this vine is a fast and aggressive grower—often reaching 30+ feet long—and is known to grow quite heavy. Wisteria vines will work their way into any crook or cranny they can reach, so it’s advised not to plant them too near your home.
Wisteria flowers are beautifully fragrant, providing a feast for the senses. After flowering, a brown, bean-like pod stays on the plant until winter. Blooms only appear on new growth.
Note: Plant wisteria with caution! All parts of the wisteria plant contain substances called lectin and wisterin, which are toxic to pets, livestock, and humans. These toxins can cause anything from nausea and diarrhea to death if consumed in large amounts.
Is Wisteria an Invasive Plant?
Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) and Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) are not native to North America and are considered invasive species in some states. The native wisteria species, American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens) and Kentucky wisteria (Wisteria macrostachya), are great alternatives to the Asian species, so if you’re planning on adding a new wisteria to your garden, we suggest that you go with one of the North American species.
Wondering how to tell the difference between the Asian and North American species?
Asian wisteria plants are aggressive growers with fuzzy seed pods, while North American wisteria plants are not quite as aggressive in their growing habits and have smooth seed pods and fruits, as well as more-or-less cylindrical, bean-shaped seeds. Another difference is that American and Kentucky wisteria’s flowers appear after the plant has leafed out in the late spring, whereas the Chinese wisteria’s blooms appear before its foliage.
Planting
When to Plant Wisteria
- Plant in the spring or fall while the plant is dormant.
- Wisteria can be grown from seed, but those grown from seed often take quite a few years to reach maturity and produce flowers. It’s recommended to purchase established wisteria plants or start from a cutting.
Where to Plant Wisteria
- Plant in full sun. Though wisteria will grow in partial shade, it probably won’t flower. Sunlight is essential.
- Plant wisteria in fertile, moist, but well-draining soil.
- Add compost if your soil is in poor condition; otherwise, wisteria will grow in most soils. Learn more about soil amendments and preparing soil for planting.
- Choose a site away from other plants, as wisteria grows quickly and can easily overtake its neighbors.
- Wisteria is also known for growing onto (and into) nearby structures, such as houses, garages, sheds, and so on. We strongly recommend not planting wisteria too close to your home!
- Wisteria vines require a very sturdy structure to climb on, such as a metal or wooden trellis or pergola. Mature plants have been known to get so heavy that they break their supports, so plan with care and build your structure with hefty materials.
How to Plant Wisteria
- Dig a hole as deep as the root ball and 2 to 3 times as wide.
- Space plants 10 to 15 feet apart.
Growing
Caring for Wisteria
- Each spring, apply a layer of compost under the plant and a 2-inch layer of mulch to retain moisture and control weeds.
- Some gardeners swear by phosphorus to aid with flowering. Scratch a couple of cups of bone meal into the soil in the spring and then add some rock phosphate in the fall. Similar claims of increased flowering have been made about liquid tomato or rose fertilizer. Read more about soil amendments.
- Water your plants if you receive less than one inch of rain each week. (To know how much rain you are getting, you can place an empty food can outside and measure the depth of water with a measuring stick.)
- For more blooms, try cutting back the rampant shoots every two weeks during the summer.
Pruning Wisteria
Pruning is the secret to good flowering, as wisteria only blooms on new wood.
Prune established wisteria in July or after flowers have faded. Cut side shoots to about 6 inches long, while retaining the climbing branches. This will create lots of short spurs all along the main vines. In late winter, prune the same side shoots, leaving two or three buds on each.
Just don’t make the mistake of never pruning. Do the following at any time:
- When pruning an established but untamed plant, be ruthless. Cut the stem several feet below the desired height; there will be an upsurge of new vegetative (not flowering) shoots in the following spring. Give it space to grow and full sun.
- Remove suckers from the base of the plant to control spread.
- Remove seedpods at will or leave a few for winter interest. If you bring any indoors for display/decoration, be aware that the ambient warmth of the home may cause them to explode.
- Do you have a new wisteria? Cut the vine back severely right after planting. Then, the next year, cut the main stem or stems back to 3 feet of the previous season’s growth. Once the framework is full size, shorten further extension growth in midsummer to where growth began for that season.
- Get more tips for pruning wisteria.
When Your Wisteria Won’t Bloom
Wisteria are notorious for taking a long time to bloom. Don’t expect flowers for 2 to 3 years after planting. Some readers have sworn by this method of “shocking” the plant to spur on blooming:
- Take a shovel and drive it 8 to 10 inches into the ground about a foot and a half away from the wisteria’s main trunk to slice into some of the roots.
- Damage about half of the roots and the bush will be shocked into reproduction (flowering).
- Don’t worry—it’s difficult to hurt this rampantly-growing, unrestrained, often-invasive plant!
Failure to flower may also be due to frigid winter temperatures that have injured the flower buds, excessive nitrogen fertilizer that has promoted foliage over flowers, and/or insufficient sunlight.
Native Wisteria
If you are located in North America, consider planting a species of wisteria native to the continent, such as:
- American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens), which grows in Zones 5 to 9. It’s native to a range of states covering Virginia to Texas, southeast to Florida and north up through New York, Iowa, and Michigan. The vine grows 25 to 30 feet long with shiny, dark-green leaves and large, drooping lilac or purple-blue flower clusters which appear after the plant has leafed out. The blooms will only appear on new wood. However, note that the flowers tend to be more lightly fragrant than the Asian wisterias’ flowers.
- Kentucky wisteria (Wisteria macrostachya), which grows in Zones 4 to 9. This late-season bloomer is native to the southeastern U.S. and is similar to American wisteria (it is sometimes considered a variety or subspecies of American wisteria). Kentucky wisteria bears mildly fragrant bluish-purple flowers after growing only two to three years, making it the quickest wisteria to bloom.
- ‘Blue Moon’ is an extra-hardy cultivar of native Kentucky wisteria, with showy, silvery-blue clusters. It blooms in late spring or early summer. It’s cold hardy to -30°F.
Non-Native Wisteria
- Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) and Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) are non-native, invasive species, so we do not recommend them for North American gardens, despite the fact that they are regularly sold at nurseries and garden centers. They are hardy in Zones 5 to 9 and are capable of growing 30 to 60 feet in length (and beyond in the Southern U.S.). Two common varieties of Japanese wisteria include:
- ‘Honbeni’ (syn. ‘Honko’): popular, bears clusters of pink flowers in late spring
- ‘Alba’ (syn. ‘Shiro Noda’): bears lovely clusters of pure-white flowers in late spring
Catherine Boeckmann
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I'd caution you about Wisteria and it's utterly invasive nature! It will crawl onto/into the house every chance it gets. It'll crawl into cracks in clapboard, shakes, and even vinyl! It's been known to get into foundation cracks and cause structural damage! Be sure to prune regularly and if you see any little vines making their way into/into the house, cut that guy back and hope his friends were watching so they got the message! LOL! As far as how many to plant, my suggestion would be start with 1, you can always add more later. Wisteria grows super fast so I wouldn't worry about it not covering the patio pergola. I've grown the Blue Moon variety and not only is it a super fast grower, but it's flowers are truly beautiful! I absolutely love it! Hope this helped, good luck!
I have 1 plant that is at least 10 years old. It is covering the entire pergola 12x12. I'm scared to think how heavy two would be.
An answer would seem to involve materials and structural design, about which we have no knowledge. All we might suggest is that you consult a builder and a nurseryman/woman. Oh, and if you hear the structure creaking, get out the pruning shears!
We recently purchased our home almost a year ago and this tree was here. I instantly fell in love with the beautiful hanging purple blooms! Not to mention they smell absolutely amazing! I would say mine stands about 8 feet tall and is full bloom with vines and bloomed flowers to the ground. I would love to have more than one of these in my yard. How do I go about getting more than one started from the one I already have?
I live in south western Indiana (on the border of Illinois) if this is an important factor!
I live in the Toronto, Ontario region and my wisteria barely bloomed last year and so far this year, as we still wait for spring to arrive, I don't see any buds as of yet. My husband can never find the time to prune it in the last 3 years. What should be done at this point so that it will bloom? Can pruning be done at this point, if so I'll pay someone to do it!
If the vines are not pruned, you may have a lot of green growth without flowers. You can prune in mid-summer and in the fall. Then, cut back in the spring to 3 to 5 buds from the previous year’s growth. Do not fear that you are pruning excessively. Wisteria can take it. Another common technique to jump start flowering is to “root prune” the wisteria. With a shovel, dig a trench around the plant to cut the roots. Cut the roots 2 to 3 feet from the trunk. Do not cut the roots too close to the trunk.
Hello I live in New York and have a wisteria with lots of blooms some larger than others 1-4inchs. We have some colder upcoming nights in the mid 30s and I'm wondering if I should attempt to protect them or if they can withstand those temperatures? Pleas help this is my first year with blooms and I don't want to lose them :)
Hi, Zachary: Wisteria can be damaged by frost, so throw a blanket over your plant(s) if you can! Thanks for asking and good luck!
I live in Bullhead City AZ about 2 blocks from river. A friend of mine in Indiana last year pulled up some of her Wisteria and brought the bar root plants out to me. I put them in 6" pots and set them in my car port They All seam to be growing OK. My question is will they survive being planted here. It is not uncommon to have 100* days in the summer and about 2 weeks of 115* On of the plants even has a Tulip terr growing in with it. I know they are not suppose to grow in AZ let alone in the desert. DO I plant all these plants or just get Larger post?
