Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Beets
Planting
Choose a planting site that gets full sun. Beets should ideally receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Beets grow best in well-prepared, fertile soil, but will tolerate average to low soil fertility. A soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 is best, and slightly alkaline (7.0+) soils can be tolerated. Beets will not tolerate acidic soils (pH below 6.0). To allow the round beetroots to develop properly, the soil should be free of rocks and other obstacles.
Avoid planting beets where Swiss chard or spinach has recently been grown, as they are cousins of beets and are susceptible to similar pests and diseases.
When to Plant Beets
- Start your first round of beets in early spring, as soon as the soil is workable. Make successive plantings every 2 to 3 weeks until mid-summer.
- Successive plantings are possible through summer as long as daytime temperatures don’t exceed 75°F (24°C).
- In soil that’s at least 50°F (10°C), germination takes place in 5 to 8 days. In soil colder than that, germination may take 2 to 3 weeks.
- Tip: To speed up germination, or when planting in areas with low moisture and rainfall, soak the seeds in water for 24 hours before planting.
- For a fall harvest, sow beet seeds from mid-summer through early fall, starting about 4 to 6 weeks before your first fall frost.
- Winter crops are a definite possibility in Zone 9 and warmer. Plant beets in early to late fall for a winter harvest.
How to Plant Beets
- We prefer to sow beets directly in the garden so that we don’t have to disturb their roots. However, beets—unlike many root crops—do generally tolerate being transplanted while still young. Since they are cold tolerant, beets typically have no trouble being started outdoors, though.
- Sow seeds ½-inch deep and 1 to 2 inches apart in rows that are about 12 to 18 inches apart. After sowing, cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil.
- Make sure the soil remains moist for optimal germination. Soak seeds for 24 hours prior to planting to speed up germination.
Beet seeds are actually capsules that contain several seeds, so you may get two or three sprouts from each one.
Check out this video to learn how to plant beets:
Beets come in quite a few shapes and a rainbow of colors. Deep red is typical, but yellow and white varieties are also available, as are red-white ringed ones (pictured below)!
- ‘Chioggia’: red skin; when sliced open, reveals red and white concentric rings.
- ‘Detroit Dark Red’: Sturdy, traditional variety. Round, red root.
- ‘Formanova’: Long, cylindrical beets that grow in the same fashion as carrots. Excellent for canning.
- Yellow varieties include ‘Bolder’ or ‘Touchstone Gold’
- White varieties include ‘Avalanche’ or Dutch heirloom ‘Albino’
Harvesting
- Days to maturity tend to be between 55 and 70 for most varieties. In other words, plan to harvest beets about 2 months after planting.
- Harvest roots when golf ball-size or larger; very large roots may be tough and woody.
- Loosen the soil around the beet and gently pull it from the earth.
- Harvest the beet greens at almost any time, beginning when thinning seedlings. Take one or two mature leaves per plant, until leaf blades are more than 6 inches tall and become tough. (Roots will not fully form without greens, so leaving some is necessary for proper development.) The leaves can be twisted off and cooked like spinach. Or, see our recipe for Beet Greens Salad.
- If you experience mild winters, you can leave roots sown later in the season in the ground to dig up as you need them. Or, store roots in boxes of dry sand in a cool, frost-free place.
How to Store Beets
- Fresh beets can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 to 7 days.
- Tip: Clipping the tops off beets will keep them fresher for longer. Leave about 1 inch of stem on each beet, and store the greens separately.
- For long-term root cellar storage, make sure you brush off any soil clinging to the roots, then bury them in layers (but not touching) surrounded by dry sand or sawdust.
- Store in a cool, dry place. An unheated closet might do, or put them in a cooler in your basement. Read more about a new way to store beets in the root cellar.
- Sprouting is a sign of poor storage and leads to decay.
- Beets can be frozen, canned, and pickled, too!
- You can also freeze beet greens to use at a later date!
Cooking Notes
Beets are a nutrient-dense food considered especially beneficial for health. Learn more in “Beets: Health Benefits!”
Catherine Boeckmann
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Beets are a cold weather plant. I usually plant late March once ground is unfrozen from winter. I live in Grand Junction Colorado we have pretty mild winters . I let them grow large there easier to handle since I pickle them usually harvesting after first frost. There sweeter if you wait after first frost. The tops are a different issue they get frosted and wilt harvest tops before a freeze . Beets are done after tops wilt but can remain in ground before ground freezes. I am going to harvest mine after first frost and trim some of the tops for a friend . To answer your question there okay at 32 degrees but must be harvested before ground freezes.
I want to roast my freshly harvested beets...do I remove the skin first? Obviously I'll wash them, but they've got the roots sticking out all over. Ha! What's the best process?
Yes, you will want to use a vegetable peeler (or knife) to peel the beets before cooking. Treat them as you would carrots!
An attack of the peeler on a beet is too much work. For pickling or canning wash them well cutting tops off to 2-4 inches from beet. Using an oil like vegetable ,canola ,virgin brush each beet with oil and place in aluminum foil wrapping them tightly.Put a little water in bottom of a roasting pan add beets. Bake in the oven until tender at 350. Remove foil once cooled and put beet under cold water skins should fall off. Prepare beets as you choose.
Wash well, cook whole til soft, cool, slip the tough skin right off.
Birds Beets
Birds Beet Farm,
Which name should I pick?
Going to start in March
I like the second name since the first makes me think the beets are only for the birds.
Beet like slightly alkaline, not acidic soil. They can actually tolerate slightly acidic or slightly alkaline soil. I grow in 7.7 pH, and my beets are never ever stunted. They grow like crazy. Other references agree.
Thank you for your feedback! We have revised the copy to better reflect recommendations from state Cooperative Extensions.
I harvested my beets 3 days ago. I thought I would be able to can my pickled beets the next day but didn't get to it. Is it ok to wait a few days to can beets or do they have to be done immediately after picking? I put them in a cooler with a damp towel over them in the mean time. Should I have tried to make room in the fridge for them?
