Keep Your Roses Healthy and Blooming with These Pruning Tips
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Pruning roses is not as complicated as it may seem, though it’s important to follow the right technique based on the type of rose you have. Here’s how—and when—to prune the roses in your garden!
Sure, pruning roses can be a chore, but your efforts will be rewarded by a healthier, well-shaped plant that blooms abundantly and lives longer. Pruning out dead or diseased canes helps to increase airflow and sun penetration around living canes, which helps to ward off disease and encourage more flowering.
Rose Pruning Tips
- Wear thick gloves and a couple of layers of long-sleeve shirts while pruning to avoid the dreaded thorns.
- Wear safety goggles (or sunglasses), too; branches can whip back unexpectedly.
- For trimming thin canes and deadheading, hand pruners will get the job done, but loppers or a small hand-saw might be needed for bigger canes.
- Make sure your pruning tools are clean and sharp. If they were previously used to prune a diseased plant, give them a quick wipe down with rubbing alcohol to sterilize them. Additionally, after cutting out dead or diseased material from your rose, sterilize your pruning tool again before using it on a healthy cane.
- Always cut stems at a 45 degree angle just above (at least ¼ inch) an outward-facing bud. This will encourage the plant to grow outward, rather than in on itself.
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Pruning Roses by Type
Hybrid and Floribunda Roses
These roses bloom more than once per season and generally bloom on new wood.
In very early spring, the roses need a good clearing out and cutting back before they start greening up and branching. About the time forsythias bloom, take out all the dead wood, crossing canes, and spindly growth.
Then, shape and prune back everything else, taking into account the style of the garden and the size and nature of the variety.
Cut back old wood about 30 to 40 percent before growth begins.
Always cut to a live bud pointing away from the center of the shrub to encourage outward growth.
Start deadheading after the first flush of flowers and continue throughout the summer to encourage more blooms.
Species Roses, Old Roses, and Once-Blooming Shrub Roses
Generally hardier than other roses, these more primitive types bloom first on old wood mid-summer; re-bloomers repeat on the current season’s growth.
In early spring, remove diseased, broken, or dead branches. After flowering, prune lightly and selectively to shape the bushes and control growth.
Climbing and Rambling Roses
These roses tend to bloom on old wood.
It’s fine to remove winter-killed branches or otherwise damaged wood early in the year, but defer your annual pruning until summer, after the peak of bloom. Prune to remove undesirable canes and to shape and train growth. Side branches tend to flower more heavily than central leaders.
Want more advice on all things roses? Check out our comprehensive Roses Growing Guide to learn how to plant and care for this beautiful flower.
Do you have any rose pruning tips? We would love to hear about them in the comments!
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My wife and I learned the correct way to prune roses at a class we took In Santa Clarita California, at the water district and at a local Rosarian lecture, also at the Huntington Library in San Marino, Ca. First major prune of the season takes place between Jan 15 and Feb 15; You cut your rose bush back to look like a hand with the fingers spread open. Yup cut it way back, it's just a rose. Then after your rose blooms and the flower is done ( your choice as to when this happens ) find the first set of leaves down from the bloom ( it should be 3 leaves, all others should be 5 ) then count back 3 sets of 5 leaf stems then make your cut. At this point you may see in the crotch of the stem a new bit of growth and that should be where your trim cut should be.
First, alcohol does not sterilize; 1/2 bleach and 1/2 H2O is best for dipping pruning shears in between plants. Rinse the solution off before cutting. Roses can be pruned all blooming season long by cutting back stems that have bloomed back to above a leaf with 5 leaflets. Depending on the shape and overall size one wants their roses to be, the drastic cutting back is not necessarily advisable.
