Cloud Types Explained: Identify Clouds and Predict the Weather

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fluffy white clouds in the sky, what type of cloud is that
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener
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If you’ve ever looked up and wondered, “What type of cloud is that?” this piece is for the budding nephologist (person who studies clouds) in you. By observing clouds, you can predict the incoming weather! See our Guide to Clouds with pictures of common cloud types in the sky and what they mean.

What Are the Main Types of Clouds?

Clouds are grouped into four main categories based on their altitude and shape:

  • High clouds (above 20,000 feet)
  • Middle clouds (6,500–20,000 feet)
  • Low clouds (below 6,500 feet)
  • Vertical clouds (can span multiple levels)
cloud types and how to pronounce them
Credit: metoffice.gov.uk

High Clouds (Above 20,000 Feet)

Cirrus Clouds

  • Appearance: Thin, wispy, feather-like
  • Made of: Ice crystals
  • Weather meaning: Change is coming—often fair now, but shifting soon

wispy white Cirrus Clouds in a blue sky
 Cirrus Clouds

Cirrocumulus Clouds

  • Appearance: Small, rippled “cotton patches”
  • Weather meaning: Fair but cold; may signal storms in tropical regions

Trivia: Sometimes, cirrocumulus clouds are called a “mackerel sky” based on the folklore, “Mare’s tails and mackerel scales make tall ships take in their sails.” These clouds can precede an approaching warm front. Warm fronts can bring veering winds and precipitation. So, a sailor might take in his sails.

spotted Cirrocumulus Clouds, often called a mackerel sky, in the desert in a blue sky
Cirrocumulus Clouds.

Cirrostratus Clouds

  • Appearance: Thin, veil-like layer covering the sky
  • Weather meaning: Rain or snow likely within 24 hours
wispy Cirrostratus Clouds in a blue sky
Cirrostratus Clouds

Middle Clouds (6,500–20,000 Feet)

Altocumulus Clouds

  • Appearance: Gray or white puffy patches
  • Weather meaning: Generally fair weather
Altocumulus clouds
Altocumulus clouds

Altostratus Clouds

  • Appearance: Gray or bluish sheet covering the sky
  • Weather meaning: Steady rain or snow on the way
Altostratus clouds with the sun shining through
Altostratus clouds

Nimbostratus Clouds

  • Appearance: Thick, dark, shapeless
  • Weather meaning: Continuous rain or snow
Nimbostratus clouds
Nimbostratus clouds

Low Clouds (Below 6,500 Feet)

Stratus Clouds

  • Appearance: Flat, gray, blanket-like
  • Weather meaning: Overcast with possible drizzle
Stratus clouds over the ocean
Stratus clouds

Stratocumulus Clouds

  • Appearance: Low, lumpy cloud layers
  • Weather meaning: Fair for now, but weather may change
Stratocumulus clouds over a lake
Stratocumulus clouds

Vertical Clouds (Form at Nearly Any Altitude)

Cumulus Clouds

  • Appearance: Fluffy, white, cotton-like
  • Weather meaning: Fair weather
Cumulonimbus clouds
Cumulonimbus clouds

Cumulonimbus Clouds

  • Appearance: Tall, dark, towering clouds
  • Weather meaning: Thunderstorms, lightning, heavy rain

Quick Cloud Identification Chart

Cloud TypeAltitudeAppearanceWeather Forecast
CirrusHighWispy, thinWeather changing
CirrocumulusHighSmall patchesFair, possibly cold
CirrostratusHighThin veilRain/snow soon
AltocumulusMiddlePuffy patchesFair weather
AltostratusMiddleGray layerSteady precipitation
NimbostratusMiddle/LowDark, thickContinuous rain/snow
StratusLowFlat, grayDrizzle or overcast
StratocumulusLowLumpy layersFair, possible change
CumulusVerticalFluffy, brightFair weather
CumulonimbusVerticalTall, darkStorms

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the 4 main types of clouds?

High, middle, low, and vertical clouds.

What clouds mean rain is coming?

Nimbostratus and cumulonimbus clouds usually bring rain.

What are fluffy clouds called?

Those are cumulus clouds, and they usually mean fair weather.

Want to see more cloud pictures? Imagine clouds shaped like jellyfish and flying saucers! See Rare Clouds and Pictures.

About The Author
Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann is the Executive Digital Editor of Almanac.com, the website companion of The Old Farmer's Almanac. She covers gardening, plants, pest control, soil composition, seasonal and moon c...