Cracks in interior walls are common in almost every home, whether it’s a brand-new build or a century-old house. While some cracks add character, others can be an eyesore—or raise concerns about possible structural issues. The good news is that most small or hairline cracks are simply the result of normal settling and seasonal changes and can be repaired easily with basic tools and materials. With a little time and the right approach, you can fix many wall cracks in a single weekend and restore your walls to a smooth, finished look.
What Causes Cracks in Interior Walls?
Small wall cracks are usually caused by normal house settling and temperature changes. Most hairline cracks in drywall, plaster, concrete, or brick can be safely repaired with basic tools and materials.
Note: If you find the cracking or surface distortion is severe, this may be a cause of structural problems or even signs of possible collapse. If you are concerned, have your home inspected by a qualified building professional before repairing the drywall.
How to Fix Small Cracks in Drywall or Plaster
- To fix minor cracks, you’ll need to buy: patching plaster or drywall compound.
- Patching plaster comes as a dry powder and has to be mixed with water to the consistency of soft-serve ice cream.
- Drywall compound is best purchased premixed in several sizes. The standard five-gallon plastic bucket of drywall compound (or “mud,” as it’s called in the trade) contains much more than you may need and won’t keep for more than a few months, but is inexpensive and will give you plenty of material to practice with.
- Before you can patch you’ll need to widen narrow cracks enough so that the patching material can fill the crack, rather than simply covering it and leaving an unsightly bulge.
- You can use the corner of a putty knife or any other improvised tool, but one of the best is an old-fashioned “church key” of sort once used for opening cans of beer. Just drag the point along small cracks to make them into narrow, V-shaped grooves.
- Brush the dust out, and mist plaster (but not drywall) cracks with water to prevent the dry plaster from sucking all of the moisture from the patching material and causing it to become too stiff to work.
- Use a broad-bladed putty knife to fill the prepared cracks with patching material or joint compound.
Repairing Cracks in Poured Concrete Walls
Use a hammer and cold chisel (a chisel with a wedge-sharpened point, called a cape chisel, works best) to widen the crack enough to admit the patching material.
Undercut the edges to provide a good bonding surface. Several types of patching materials are available. To save money, mix up a batch of portland cement mortar, which comes in 50-pound bags, and press it into the prepared cracks with a steel trowel.
Don’t use your hands; cement is extremely caustic, and even relatively brief exposure can cause severe skin burns.
How to Repair Cracks in Brick and Concrete Block
These can be repaired in the same way as cracks in poured concrete, although you should be careful not to chisel deeper than 3/4-inch or so into a block, or you risk punching the chisel into the block’s hollow core.
Chisel out the cracked joints to a depth of about 1/2 inch, and fill with portland cement mortar.
Once the mortar has set for two or three hours, fashion smooth concave joints by running a jointing tool (a short length of 1/2-inch copper tubing bent into a gentle S shape works well) over the partially set mortar.
How to Tell If a Wall Crack Is Getting Worse
Find a scrap of thin glass and glue it across the crack with five-minute epoxy or super glue. (If the masonry is damp, dry the area you’ll be gluing with a flame from a propane torch first.)
At the same time, mark a pencil line perpendicular to the crack at that point, and measure its width to the nearest 64th of an inch.
Wait a few months and have another look. If the glass has broken, you’ll know that the crack has opened further, and by taking another measurement you’ll know by how much it has widened.
Have a hole in your drywall? Here’s our step-by-step guide with photos on how to repair and patch drywall holes.
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