How to Save Tomato Seeds: Keep Your Favorite Varieties Growing

Benefits of Saving Tomato Seeds

It is a process that is easy enough to do and will give you a measure of security, knowing that those seeds will be available for you to plant and share with friends and family. You can choose which plants to save seeds from based on the qualities that are most important to you, such as flavor, fruit size, disease resistance, earliness, high yields, or ease of cultivation. Over the years, your plants may also adapt to your growing conditions.

 I have found that my home-saved seeds germinate better and faster than store-bought ones. I assume it is because they are fresher and were carefully stored. Like everything else, seeds are getting more expensive, so saving your own seeds can save you some money too! 

Which Types of Tomato Seeds Can Be Saved?

To ensure success, only save seeds from open-pollinated varieties of tomatoes; all heirlooms are open-pollinated. They will reliably give you fruit with the traits of the parent plant. Don’t save seeds from hybrid plants. Since they were created by intentionally crossing two different varieties, their seeds are unpredictable and won’t produce that specific fruit again. The new plants may bear tomatoes resembling those of one parent or the other, or be a throwback to a distant relative. It will not be the same as the fruit you chose to save. If you are feeling adventurous, you can give it a try. Who knows! You may develop a fantastic new tomato, but chances are, you will be disappointed. Often, hybrid seeds are sterile, and you will get no plants at all.

Mind the Gap

If you are serious about saving seeds, be mindful of how closely you plant other tomato varieties. Tomatoes are mostly self-pollinating, with a little help from the wind and bumblebees shaking the blossoms, but they could unintentionally cross with a nearby variety, so plant the one you want to save seeds from at least 10 feet away from other types of tomatoes. Learn more about understanding the distance between plantings. 

How to Save Tomato Seeds

Tomato seeds must be fermented in water for a few days to remove the gelatinous coating around them. This simulates the natural rotting of the fruit. Fermentation also kills many seed-borne diseases and stimulates germination. It will be stinky! You might not want to do it in the house with the windows closed. Follow these simple steps:

1. Choose an overripe, soft but not mushy tomato.
2. Scoop or squeeze the seeds into a bowl or glass jar.
3. Add roughly the same amount of water as tomato pulp to the jar and stir.
4. Let the bowl sit at room temperature, out of sunlight, for 3-5 days.
5. Gently stir daily, but don’t be alarmed if mold forms on the top.
6. Once most of the seeds have settled to the bottom, scoop off the mold and any floating seeds – they are “duds” and will not germinate, so throw them away.
7. Pour the rest into a strainer to drain, and rinse them thoroughly with clean water to remove any remaining gel.
8. Allow the seeds to dry on a fine screen, out of direct sun, for a week or two until they are completely dry.
9. Test the seeds for dryness by trying to snap them in two. If they just bend, they need more drying time.
10. Store your dried seeds in a paper envelope and keep them in a dark dry place until it is time to plant. Be sure to label and date them.
11. Tomato seeds are viable for up to 5 years. Germination rates will start to decrease as the seeds get older.

Tips for Successful Seed Saving

• Only save seeds from an open-pollinated plant.
• Choose a fruit that is fully ripe.
• Storing your seed packets in an airtight container in the fridge will keep them viable longer.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Unsure if the fruit you want to save is open-pollinated or a hybrid? Look up the name of the tomato online or in a seed catalog. It will be labelled as F1 if it is a hybrid.
• Don’t save seeds from a sickly plant. It may carry genetic defects.
• If the fermenting pulp is drawing insects, cover the bowl or jar with a coffee filter or paper towel held in place with a rubber band to keep them out.
• Wet seeds will stick to plastic or ceramic plates. It is better to dry them on fine screening so air can circulate around them.
• Keep your seeds as dry as possible in storage to prevent them from getting moldy.

There is a reason why gardeners have saved seeds from their favorite tomatoes and passed them down over the years. It is a great way to preserve the best fruit for yourself and future generations to enjoy!